syllabus

DATA COMMUNICATIONS

UNIT-I

Introduction: Data Communications, Networks, The Internet, Protocols and Standards. Network Models: Layered Tasks, The OSI Model, Layers in the OSI Model, TCP/ IP Protocol Suite, Addressing.

UNIT-II

Data and Signals: Analog and Digital, Periodic Analog Signals, Digital Signals, Transmission Impairment, Data Rate Limits, Performance. Digital Transmission: Digital- To-Digital Conversion, Analog-To-Digital Conversion, Transmission Modes. Analog Transmission: Digital-To-Analog Conversion, Analog-To-Analog Conversion.

UNIT-III

Multiplexing and Spreading: Multiplexing, Spread Spectrum. Transmission Media: Guided Media, Unguided Media (Wireless). Switching: Circuit Switched, Datagrams, Virtual Circuit Networks, Structure of a Switch. Telephone Network, Dial-Up MODEMS, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), Cable TV Networks, Cable TV for Data Transfer.

UNIT-IV

Error Detection and Correction: Introduction, Block Coding, Linear Block Codes, Cyclic Codes, Checksum. Data Link Control: Framing, Flow and Error Control, Protocols, Noiseless Channels, Noisy Channels, HDLC, Point-To-Point Protocol. Multiple Access: Random Access, Controlled Access, Channelization. Wired LANs: IEEE Standards, Standard Ethernet, Changes in the Standard, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet: Wireless LANs: IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth.

UNIT-V

Connecting LANs: Connecting Devices, Backbone Networks, Virtual LANs. Wireless LANs: Cellular Telephony, Satellite Networks. SONET: Architecture, SONET Layers, SONET Frames, STS Multiplexing, SONET Networks, Virtual Tributaries. Virtual-Circuit Networks. Frame Relay, ATM, ATM LANs, Recommended Books: 1. B. A. Forouzan, “Data Communications and Networking”, 4/e, TMH ,2007 2. A. S. Tanenbaum, & David J. Wetherall, “Computer Networks”, 5/e, Pearson

DATABASE SYSTEMS

UNIT-I

Databases and Database Users, Database System Concepts and Architecture, Data Modelling using the Entity-Relationship(ER) Model, The Enhanced Entity-Relationship (EER) Model.

UNIT-II

Relational Model: The Relational Data Model and Relational Database Constraints, The Relational Algebra and Relational Calculus.

UNIT-III

Relational Database Design by ER- and EER-to-Relational Mapping, SQL-99: Schema Definition, Constraints, Queries, and Views, Introduction to SQL Programming Techniques.

UNIT-I

Functional Dependencies and Normalization for Relational Databases, Relational Database Algorithms and Further Dependencies, Practical Database Design Methodology and use of UML Diagrams.

UNIT-V

Disk Storage, Basic File Structures, and Hashing, Indexing Structures for Files, Algorithms for Query Processing and Optimization, Physical Database Design and Tuning. Recommended Books: 1. R. Elmasri, S.B. Navathe, “Fundamentals of Database Systems”, 6/e, Pearson Education, 2010 2. A. Silberschatz, H.F. Korth, S. Sudarshan, “Database System Concepts” 6/e, McGraw Hill, 2010 3. R. Ramakrishnan, J. Gehrke, “Database Management Systems”, McGraw-Hill 4. C. Coronel, S. Morris, & P. Rob, “Database Principles (Fundamentals of Design, Implementation, and Management), 9/e, Cengage Learning.

MICROPROCESSOR

UNIT-I

An Introduction to Processor Design: Processor architecture and organization , Abstraction in hardware design, MU0 - a simple processor, Instruction set design ,Processor design trade-offs ,The Reduced Instruction Set Computer, Design for low power consumption .The ARM Architecture: The Acorn RISC Machine ,Architecture inheritance, The ARM programmer's model, ARM development tools.

UNIT-II

ARM Assembly Language Programming: Data processing instructions, Data transfer instructions, Control flow instructions, writing simple assembly language programs. ARM Organization and Implementation: Pipeline, Types, 3-stage pipeline ARM organization, 5-stage pipeline ARM organization, ARM instruction execution, ARM implementation, The ARM coprocessor interface.

UNIT-III

The ARM Instruction Set: Introduction, Exceptions, Conditional execution , Branch and Branch with Link (B, BL),Branch, Branch with Link and exchange (BX, BLX) , Software Interrupt (SWI) ,Data processing instructions, Multiply instructions, Single word and unsigned byte data transfer instructions , Half-word and signed byte data transfer instructions, Multiple register transfer instructions , Status register to general register transfer instructions ,General register to status register transfer instructions , Coprocessor instructions. Coprocessor data operations, Coprocessor data transfers, Coprocessor register transfers, Breakpoint instruction (BRK - architecture v5T only), unused instruction space, Memory faults, ARM architecture variants.

UNIT-IV

Architectural Support for High-Level Languages: Abstraction in software design, Data types, Floating-point data types, The ARM floating-point architecture, Expressions, Conditional statements, Loops, Functions and procedures, Use of memory, Run-time environment, Examples and exercises.

UNIT-V

Thumb Instruction Set: The Thumb bit in the CPSR, The Thumb programmer's model ,Thumb branch instructions, Thumb software interrupt instruction , Thumb data processing instructions , Thumb single register data transfer instructions, Thumb multiple register data transfer instructions, Thumb breakpoint instruction, Thumb implementation ,Thumb applications . Architectural Support for System Development: The ARM memory interface, The Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture (AMBA),The ARM reference peripheral specification, Hardware system prototyping tools, The ARMulator. Recommended Books: 1. Steve Furber: ”ARM System-On-Chip Architecture”.

PHP PROGRAMMING

UNIT-I

Introduction to PHP: PHP introduction, inventions and versions, important tools and software requirements (like Web Server, Database, Editors etc.), PHP with other, technologies, scope of PHP, Basic Syntax, PHP variables and constants, Types of data in PHP , Expressions, scopes of a variable (local, global), PHP Operators : Arithmetic, Assignment, Relational , Logical operators, Bitwise , ternary and MOD operator. PHP operator Precedence and associativity

UNIT-II:

Handling HTML form with PHP: Capturing Form Data, GET and POST form methods Dealing with multi value fields, Redirecting a form after submission. PHP conditional events and Loops: PHP IF Else conditional statements ( Nested IF and Else), Switch case, while ,For and Do While Loop, Goto , Break ,Continue and exit

UNIT-III

PHP Functions: Function, Need of Function , declaration and calling of a function, PHP Function with arguments, Default Arguments in Function, Function argument with call by value, call by reference, Scope of Function Global and Local

UNIT-IV

String Manipulation and Regular Expression: Creating and accessing String , Searching & Replacing String, Formatting, joining and splitting String , String Related Library functions, Use and advantage of regular expression over inbuilt function, Use of preg_match(), preg_replace(), preg_split() functions in regular expression.

UNIT-V

Array: Anatomy of an Array ,Creating index based and Associative array ,Accessing array, Looping with Index based array, with associative array using each() and foreach(), Some useful Library function.

PROGRAMMING in VISUAL BASIC

UNIT- 1

GUI Environment: Introduction to graphical user interface (GUI), programming language (procedural, object oriented, event driven), the GUI environment, compiling, debugging, and running the programs. Controls : Introduction to controls text boxes, frames, checkboxes, option buttons, images, setting borders and styles, the shape control, the line control, working with multiple controls and their properties, designing the user interface, keyboard access, tab controls, default & cancel property, coding for controls.

UNIT-II

Operations: Data types, constants, named & intrinsic, declaring variables, scope of variables, val function, arithmetic operations, formatting data. Decision Making: If statement, comparing strings, compound conditions (and, or, not), nested if statements, case structure, using if statements with option buttons & check boxes, displaying message in message box, testing whether input is valid or not.

UNIT-III

Modular programming: Menus, sub-procedures and sub-functions defining / creating and modifying a menu, using common dialog box, creating a new sub-procedure, passing variables to procedures, passing argument by value or by reference, writing a function/ procedure. Forms Handling : Multiple forms creating, adding, removing forms in project, hide, show method, load, unload statement, me keyword, referring to objects on a different forms.

UNIT-IV

Iteration Handling: Do/loops, for/next loops, using msgbox function, using string function Arrays and Grouped Data Control: Arrays - 1-dimension arrays, initializing an array using for each, user-defined data types, accessing information with user-defined data types, using list boxes with array, two dimensional arrays. lists, loops and printing list boxes & combo boxes, filling the list using property window / additem method, clear method, list box properties, removing an item from a list, list box/ combo box operations.

UNIT-V

Database Connectivity: Database connectivity of forms with back end tool like mysql, populating the data in text boxes, list boxes etc. searching of data in database. using forms. Updating/ editing of data based on a criterion. Books: Programming in Visual Basic 6.0 by Julia Case Bradley, Anita C. Millspaugh (Tata Mcgraw Hill Edition 2000 (Fourteenth Reprint 2004)) .